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Hypercalcaemia is a common clinical condition in hospitalized patients. Malignancies and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are the two most common causes of hypercalcaemia in hospitalized patients.1–3 Apparently, there is a changing profile of hypercalcaemia in India, especially in hospital settings, because ...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which impacts an estimated 25% of the world’s adult population,1–3 is the principal cause of chronic liver disease globally. NAFLD as a whole represents a pathological spectrum of liver injury, spanning from simple steatosis to ...
In the early 1970s, the discovery of statin by Dr Akira Endo changed the fate of cardiovascular disease prevention and the treatment of atherosclerosis. It was during this period that the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis was revealed, and the ...
Nearly 75% of all menopausal women experience bothersome vasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes and night sweats.1Â Declining levels of estrogen during menopause lead to a narrowing of the central thermal regulatory neutral tone. Minute changes in core body temperature, as little ...
Immune checkpoints are small molecules that are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes to regulate the immune response. While some of these molecules enhance the stimulatory signals, others boost the inhibitory signals to blunt the activity of T ...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an occurring global public health crisis due to the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1Â In December of 2019, a low respiratory tract infection of unknown cause emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, ...
Disorders related to bone health are commonly seen in clinical practice in India. The most common conditions are vitamin D deficiency-related disorders (rickets, osteomalacia), followed by osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, endocrine osteopathies, and impaired bone health associated with systemic diseases.1–3 Vitamin ...
According to the estimates of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), one in every 11 adults of the global population has diabetes, with an overall disease prevalence of 425 million.1 This diabetes prevalence is expected to increase exponentially with time because of the ...
Despite the introduction of newer and faster acting insulin analogues along with advances in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technology, the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fail to achieve target glycemic control. There still remains a high ...
Despite the introduction of newer and faster acting insulin analogues along with advances in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery technology, the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) fail to achieve target glycemic control. There still remains a high ...
The steadily increasing knowledge concerning selenium (Se) involvement in chronic autoimmune and viral inflammatory disease along with the growing prospect of preventive and/or therapeutic Se intervention, via diet or compounds, are the focus of this brief review. Important data ...
The advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.1 In this context, HIV-infected patients are living longer and are facing several associated morbidities related with ageing, such as diabetes, ...
According to the American Cancer Society, in 2013 there will be an estimated 1,660,290 new cancer cases and 580,350 deaths from cancer. Lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer are the most common malignancies in the US, accounting for approximately 50 % of new cancer diagnoses. ...
In association with the global spread of abdominal adiposity, the worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase.1 This is one of the pivotal factors underscoring the projection that cardiovascular disease will become the leading cause of mortality worldwide by 2020. ...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally and was the leading cause of death in both men and women ≥65 years of age in the US in 2007.1,2 In 2004 alone, an estimated 17.1 million people died from CVD, representing ...
Atherosclerosis is a degenerative process affecting large- and medium-caliber arteries, such as aorta, coronary, carotid, renal, and femoral arteries. The atherosclerotic lesion, or plaque, is a complex tissue dissecting the subendothelial layer and expanding first outwardly and eventually toward the ...
Introduction Introduction Memory problems late in life are common and are often easy to recognize. Hypogonadism in older men is not as readily identified, but it is also frequently a part of aging. Androgens, such as testosterone, have important hormonal ...
The main controversy in the area of lipid management today is related to the usefulness of ‘non-statin’ agents to maximize cardiovascular risk reduction in particular patient types, such as those with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The main controversy in the ...
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