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Achieving individualized glycemic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes: What are the key considerations?

  • Select in the video player controls bar to choose subtitle language. Subtitles available in English, French, German, Italian, Mandarin, Portuguese, English, Spanish.
  • Downloads including slides are available for this activity in the Toolkit
Learning Objectives

After watching this activity, participants should be better able to:

  • Evaluate the unmet need regarding achieving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and the associated reasons
  • Decide how to apply individualized glycemic targets according to patient characteristics
  • Choose appropriate treatments with properties relevant to the individual patient to help achieve glycemic control
Overview

In this activity, experts in diabetes management respond to questions from the diabetes community on overcoming the challenges of achieving glycemic control, applying individualized targets in clinical practice, and the available treatment options for safely achieving glycemic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This activity is jointly provided by USF Health and touchIME. read more

Target Audience

This activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of diabetologists, endocrinologists, diabetes nurses, and primary care physicians involved in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Disclosures

All individuals in a position to influence content have disclosed to USF Health any financial relationship with an ineligible organization. USF Health has reviewed and mitigated all relevant financial relationships related to the content of the activity. The relevant relationships are listed below. All individuals not listed have no relevant financial relationships.

Faculty

Dr Joanna Van discloses: Grants/research support fromLilly, Eliem Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi and Lexicon.

Dr Vincent Woo discloses: Consulting and Speakers bureau fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly and Novo Nordisk.

Content Reviewer

Kaitlyn Rechenberg, PhD, MPH, APRN has no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity

Touch Medical Director

Sola Neunie has no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

USF Health Office of Continuing Professional Development and touchIME staff have no financial interests/relationships or affiliations in relation to this activity.

Requirements for Successful Completion

In order to receive credit for this activity, participants must review the content and complete the post-test and evaluation form. Statements of credit are awarded upon successful completion of the post-test and evaluation form.

If you have questions regarding credit please contact cpdsupport@usf.edu 

Accreditations
Physicians

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through a joint providership of USF Health and touchIME. USF Health is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

USF Health designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

The European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) – European Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (EACCME) has an agreement of mutual recognition of continuing medical education (CME) credit with the American Medical Association (AMA). European physicians interested in converting AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM into European CME credit (ECMEC) should contact the UEMS (www.uems.eu)

Advanced Practice Providers

Physician Assistants may claim a maximum of 1 Category 1 credit for completing this activity. NCCPA accepts AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM from organizations accredited by ACCME or a recognized state medical society.

The AANPCP accepts certificates of participation for educational activities approved for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM by ACCME-accredited providers. APRNs who participate will receive a certificate of completion commensurate with the extent of their participation.

Nurses

USF Health is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

A maximum of 1 contact hour may be earned by learners who successfully complete this continuing professional development activity. USF Health, the accredited provider, acknowledges touchIME as the joint provider in the planning and execution of this CNE activity.

This activity is awarded .75 ANCC pharmacotherapeutic contact hour.

Date of original release: 01 October 2021. Date credits expire: 01 October 2022.

If you have any questions regarding credit please contact cpdsupport@usf.edu 

This activity is CE/CME accredited

To obtain the CE/CME credit(s) from this activity, please complete this post-activity test.

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  • Select in the video player controls bar to choose subtitle language. Subtitles available in English, French, German, Italian, Mandarin, Portuguese, English, Spanish.
  • Downloads including slides are available for this activity in the Toolkit

Topics covered in this activity

Diabetes
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touchIN CONVERSATION
Achieving individualized glycemic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes: What are the key considerations?
1 CE/CME credit

Question 1/4
Which of the following are considered to contribute to clinical inertia, and represent barriers to achieving glycemic targets?

Clinical and therapeutic inertia in the treatment of type 2 diabetes result from healthcare practitioner-, patient-, and healthcare system-based factors, and represents a serious barrier to optimal treatment escalation, and therefore, glycemic control.
The development of new therapeutic agents has presented physicians and patients with a wider choice of options for adapting treatment to individual requirements.
Patients are more likely to accept and adhere to treatment if they perceive it is contributing to a positive outcome and addressing a need. Therefore, a proactive rather than reactive approach is important in managing patients with diabetes.
Readily accessible information is needed on available medications, particularly new agents, with a focus on safety, side effects, efficacy, effectiveness, ease of prescription, purchase, administration, and storage.

Reference
Okemah J, et al. Adv Ther. 2018;35:1735–45.

Question 2/4
Which glycemic target would you consider setting for a patient who is over 75 years of age; has had type 2 diabetes for over 20 years; and has cognitive impairment, ASCVD and CKD?

ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease.

According to the recent American Diabetes Association guidelines, older adults (>65 years) who are otherwise healthy with few coexisting chronic illnesses and intact cognitive function and functional status should have lower glycemic goals, such as A1c <7.5%. Those with multiple coexisting chronic illnesses, cognitive impairment, or functional dependence should have less stringent glycemic goals, such as A1c <8.0–8.5%.
Tight glycemic control in older adults with multiple medical conditions is considered overtreatment and is associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Unfortunately, overtreatment is common in clinical practice.

A1c, glycated hemoglobin.

Reference
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl. 1):S73–84.

Question 3/4
Your patient is a 48-year-old woman with HFrEF with an LVEF of 35%. She was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and prescribed metformin in the first line. She has been identified as having an increased risk of hypoglycemia, and a target of A1c <7.5% was set. After 3 months, her A1c is 8.0%. Which of the following recommended treatment classes would you use as an add-on to metformin?

A1c, glycated hemoglobin; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor; TZD, thiazolidinedione.

Among patients with type 2 diabetes who have heart failure, an SGLT2i is recommended as part of the glucose-lowering regimen, independent of A1c and in consideration of patient–specific factors.

A1c, glycated hemoglobin; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.

Reference
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl. 1):S111–24.

Question 4/4
Your patient is a 60-year-old man with a BMI of 30.5 kg/m2 and coronary artery disease. His A1c at diagnosis was 10.3%. After 3 months, his A1c is still high, at 9.1%. Considering his high BMI and elevated ASCVD risk, what available treatment class would you consider first to help achieve this target?

A1c, glycated haemoglobin; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione.

The American Diabetes Association guidelines recommend treatment with an SGLT2i or a GLP-1 RA if there is a compelling need to minimize weight gain or promote weight loss. As the patient has coronary artery disease and is ≥55 years old, there is an indicator of ASCVD risk. In such cases, a GLP-1 RA or SGLT2i with proven CVD benefit is recommended.

A1c, glycated hemoglobin; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; SGLT2i, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.

Reference
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl. 1):S111–24.

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