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Showing Results for differences of sex development
Article Highlights Early use of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors following myocardial infarction was associated with the following factors: Lower hospitalization for heart failure (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.90; p=0.002). Similar cardiovascular deaths (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.83–1.30; p=0.76). Similar all-cause mortality (OR: 1.00; 95% ...
Metformin Metformin has been recommended as the first-line glucose-lowering agent for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) for several decades due to its efficacy and safety profile.1–3 In fact, metformin has been widely used as an insulin-sensitizing agent for ...
Tirzepatide is a first-in-class novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (twincretin), formulated as a synthetic peptide containing 39 amino acids based on the native GIP.1 Tirzepatide has a GIP receptor-binding affinity comparable with native GIP and ...
The pioneering work carried out by the French scientist Alfred Jost in the mid-20th century clearly showed that, in the mammalian foetus, the internal and external genitalia virilize whenever the undifferentiated gonads develop into testes, whereas they undergo the ...
Article highlights Lavender and tree tea oils have in vitro oestrogenic and antiandrogenic activity. It has been postulated that these oils may cause prepubertal gynaecomastia and premature thelarche. The association is based on a small number patients (N=12) described in ...
During more than 30 years of clinical practice as a gynaecologist, I have observed that very few novel medications have had a significant impact in the field of women’s health. There have been additions to selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), ...
The development of effective therapies for the management of cancer in childhood has led to outstanding improvements in survival over the past decades. With this, a growing population of childhood cancer survivors are subject to long-term sequelae impacting on health. ...
The pandemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a growing concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, which contribute to nearly 75% of the disease burden.1 Indian patients with T2D constitute 1 in 6 adults with T2D globally, with marked ...
Short stature affects 2.5% of children and is one of the most common reasons for consulting a growth specialist during childhood.1 Normal height is a polygenic trait and derives from the interaction of several factors. It is known that height is ...
Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare, benign, epithelial tumours of the sellar and parasellar regions arising as embryonic malformations along the pathway of the craniopharyngeal duct.1 They have an incidence of 0.13 per 100,000 per year to 0.5–2.0 per million per year and are classified ...
Nearly 75% of all menopausal women experience bothersome vasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes and night sweats.1 Declining levels of estrogen during menopause lead to a narrowing of the central thermal regulatory neutral tone. Minute changes in core body temperature, as little ...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome, considered the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 6–8% in premenopausal women.1,2 However, long-term sequelae are extended beyond the reproductive axis, being present from birth to senescence. ...
The estimation of lipid parameters has traditionally been carried out in the fasting state, without definitive evidence to suggest that this is superior to assessing them in the post-prandial period in terms of predicting metabolic outcomes and cardiovascular risk.1 Post-prandial ...
India, being an epicenter of diabetic population, faces increases in disease prevalence of more than double, every 15 years, and is projected to have about 123.5 million cases by the year 2040.1 In addition to achieving target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7%, intensive ...
Lifestyle Obesity has a negative impact on the reproductive outcome of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It affects natural conception reducing the chance of spontaneous ovulation, and increases the rate of miscarriage as well as the risk for ...
According to the estimates of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), one in every 11 adults of the global population has diabetes, with an overall disease prevalence of 425 million.1 This diabetes prevalence is expected to increase exponentially with time because of the ...
Acromegaly is a chronic disorder characterised by growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion, predominantly caused by a pituitary adenoma.1 Disease prevalence ranges from 2.8–13.7 cases and annual incidence is between 0.2–1.1 cases/100,000 people; however, real incidence is likely much higher.2,3 Average age at diagnosis ...
Estimated glomerular filtration rate Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. A large body of literature demonstrates that estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a powerful predictor of adverse clinical outcomes such as overall ...
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