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Thyroid gland inside human body. 3D illustration
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Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ orbitopathy, is a complex autoimmune disorder driven by an interplay of immune cells, orbital fibroblasts and tissue remodelling factors that lead to inflammation, oedema and, ultimately, potential vision loss.1 While the disease has historically been challenging to manage, recent therapeutic innovations are reshaping treatment paradigms and offering new […]

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multisystemic condition characterized by reproductive, metabolic and dermatologic manifestations, including hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. Despite its prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, PCOS remains underdiagnosed and poorly managed due to its ...

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Article Highlights This study aims to find an effective and affordable biomarker panel for early non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) detection in Indian women with morbid obesity, given the rising prevalence of NAFLD and limited accessibility of ultrasound sonography (USG) ...

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Article highlights There is growing clinical importance attributed to the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Numerous international groups now advocate screening for advanced fibrosis in people with risk factors, such as ...

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It is with great pleasure that we present this latest issue of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology, which brings together a diverse array of high-quality articles focused on the evolving landscape of endocrine disorders. The importance of patient-centred care is exemplified in ...

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Hepatic steatosis is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and a common cause of chronic liver disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis relies on the presence of hepatic steatosis, defined as >5% fat accumulation in the liver, as observed ...

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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional, 766-amino acid, type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein, which participates in the regulation of metabolic functions, immune and inflammatory responses, cancer growth and cell adhesion.1 It has two forms: the first is a membrane-bound form, which ...

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to pose an ever-greater global health challenge, with 1.31 billion individuals predicted to be living with diabetes globally by 2050; the majority of whom will have T2D.1 Closely linked to T2D is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic ...

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Cornelius J Fernandez, Lakshmi Nagendra, Joseph M Pappachan

There has been an exponential increase in the global prevalence of obesity over the past few decades because of adverse lifestyle choices, such as physical inactivity and overconsumption of macronutrients. The obesity pandemic has contributed to more than 50 different disorders ...

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders marked by elevated blood glucose. It has many subtypes, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes and neonatal diabetes; of these, T1DM and T2...

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Liver conditions are often misunderstood, mischaracterized and stigmatized, which results in under-diagnosis, under-treatment and unnecessarily poor outcomes worldwide. The Global Liver Institute (GLI) "Liver Health is Public Health" initiative aims to respond to this unmet need and educate the public ...

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International NASH Day (NASH Day) takes place on the 8th June 2023. It is a public education campaign launched in June 2018 to raise visibility and urgency around fatty liver disease and its more advanced form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which affects more ...

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Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology. In this edition we feature a range of review, case report and original research articles that highlight some key developments in our understanding and management of endocrinological disease. We start with ...

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The incidence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing.1,2 Growing evidence has demonstrated that youth-onset T2D is rapidly progressive, with earlier onset of life-limiting complications compared with adult-onset T2D.3,4 Initiation of effective treatment that can restore beta ...

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of fatty liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).1 NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome.2 ...

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common disease, with an incidence of 5−21% in women during their fertile life (18–45 years of age) worldwide.1 PCOS is clinically diagnosed when two of the three 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria are met: (i) chronic anovulation ...

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The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus statement 2022 is a valuable addition that will help streamline type 2 diabetes mellitus management.1 The focus on individualized and person-centric care in the statement is ...

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Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Sanjay Kalra

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) recently released a comprehensive and updated guideline on the prevention and management of diabetes.1 The guideline is aimed at assisting healthcare professionals in delivering person-centred optimal care at different phases of diabetes. The ...

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which impacts an estimated 25% of the world’s adult population,1–3 is the principal cause of chronic liver disease globally. NAFLD as a whole represents a pathological spectrum of liver injury, spanning from simple steatosis to ...

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